Space weather is the single biggest unknown in predicting satellite orbits. Solar activity causes the upper atmosphere to swell, and the increased drag causes satellites and orbital debris to veer from their expected paths.
We predict the two indices that feed every major atmosphere density models, solar flux (F10.7) and geomagnetic activity (Ap), using a unified internal forecast model that looks out from days to decades. In retroforecast validation against all other available forecast models, Leonid’s model shows the lowest error over all time horizons.
- 40% lower error in next-day F10.7 & Ap forecasts than NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center
- 3-hour updates that react to real-time conditions
- Decadal solar cycle realism in chained timing, shape, and strength